Genetic mapping of a new flowering time gene on chromosome 3B of wheat

The single chromosome substitution lines of chromosome 3B of the Czech alternative wheat variety Česká Přesívka (CP 3B) into two spring varieties Zlatka and Sandra, revealed clear differences in flowering time compared to the recipient varieties. To map this gene(s), recombinant substitution lines for chromosome 3B were produced from crosses of the substitution lines with their recipient parents and genetic maps developed using SSR markers. Two populations were mapped, Sandra//Sandra 3B/Sandra (CP 3B) and Zlatka//Zlatka/Zlatka (CP 3B). Combining the genotype data with phenotype data on flowering time in five independent experiments under natural long day or controlled short day conditions revealed a single flowering time QTL. This gene had an additive effect of 1–6 days, depending on environment and genetic background, and was mapped in both populations to a position in the region of marker Xbarc164 near the centromere on the long arm of 3B. Comparisons of the genetic maps with other 3B maps developed by the authors indicated that the QTL may be homologous to a QTL segregating in UK germplasm.     

Mapping chromosomal regions affecting flowering time in a spring wheat RIL population

Flowering time is an important trait for the adaptation of wheat to its target environments. To identify chromosome regions associated with flowering time in wheat, a whole genome scan was conducted with five sets of field trial data on a recombinant inbred lines (RIL) population derived from the cross of spring wheat cultivars ‘Nanda 2419’ and ‘Wangshuibai’. The identified QTLs involved seven chromosomal regions, among which QFlt.nau-1B and QFlt.nau-2B were homoeologous to QFlt.nau-1D and QFlt.nau-2D, respectively. Nanda 2419, the earlier flowering parent, contributed early flowering alleles at five of these QTLs. QFlt.nau-1B and QFlt.nau-7B had the largest effects in all trials and were mapped to the Xwmc59.2–Xbarc80 interval on chromosome 1BS and the Xgwm537–Xgwm333 interval on 7BS. Most of the mapped QTL intervals were not coincident with known vernalization response or photoperiod sensitivity loci and QFlt.nau-1B seems to be an orthologue of EpsA ^m 1. Four pairs of loci showed significant interactions across environments in determining flowering time, all of which involved QFlt.nau-1B. These findings are of significance to wheat breeding programs.     

麻竹控制授粉种子播种品质及苗期生长观察

该文对麻竹人工授粉种子的播种品质和实生苗的生长发育进行了研究 ,结果表明 :两次授粉所得麻竹种子带壳千粒重和去壳千粒重分别为 12 1 2 9、91 2 9g和 63 87、41 89g ,种子平均净度为 75 72 % ,母竹移植当年第 1次授粉种子含水量为 61 3 3 % ,种子平均生活力为 89 93 % ,场圃发芽率为 58 19% .麻竹实生苗在第 1次移苗时成活株数为 13 95株 ,成苗率为 69 2 6% ,平均苗高 19 5cm .麻竹实生苗分化较明显 ,存在一定比例的白化苗 ,正常幼苗生长差异也较大 ,为开展麻竹优良无性系早期选择提供了依据     

One-cycle growth studies with Maedi—Progressive pneumonia—Visna viruses: Shorter latent periods revealed

The latent periods of Visna virus and of progressive pneumonia virus were demonstrated by one-cycle growth studies to end 14–16 hr after infection of sheep choroid plexus cell cultures. Maedi virus was demonstrated to have a 14–18-hr latent period.     

Comparison of various tests for the serological diagnosis of Trypanosoma equiperdum infection in the horse

Comparative tests such as FAT, ELISA, RIA, IEO and CF in the diagnosis of dourine in the horse have proved a satisfactory concordance ratio of the ELISA with CF, which seems to be the most reliable test. Discrepancies have been observed as to the other tests which appear less sensitive than CF test.     

Pathological and phylogenetic features of prevalent canine distemper viruses in wild masked palm civets in Japan

Ten wild masked palm civets infected with canine distemper virus (CDV), captured in Japan from 2005 to 2007, were histopathologically and phylogenetically analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequences of the H protein of two CDV isolates from masked palm civets revealed that the two isolates were classified into the clade of recent isolates in Japan. Histopathologically marked lesions of virus encephalitis were present in the brain, whereas gastrointestinal lesions were absent or at a mild degree. The distribution of the lesions resembles that of recent CDV cases in dogs. Therefore, recent CDV infections in masked palm civets could be caused by recently prevalent CDV in dogs. The possibility of the masked palm civet as a spreader of CDV among wildlife is also discussed.     

加强甜玉米鲜食期籽粒品质变化研究

研究加强甜玉米和普通玉米2种不同类型玉米鲜食期籽粒品质变化，以明确各品质变化的动态规律。试验采用不同基因型的玉米材料，测定果穗鲜食期可溶性总糖含量、水分含量、蛋白质含量和百粒鲜重，并进行相关分析。结果表明：鲜食期籽粒发育过程中加强甜玉米可溶性总糖含量和积累速度高于普通玉米；水分的下降速度加强甜玉米比普通玉米慢；蛋白质含量加强甜玉米略低于普通玉米，蛋白质的积累与籽粒鲜重的增加过程基本一致；鲜粒重积累速度加强甜玉米低于普通玉米；授粉13d和授粉28d加强甜玉米和普通玉米蛋白质含量和鲜粒重都相近。     

利用遗传突变基因改良特用玉米Ⅴ.甜玉米胚乳突变基因的效应与利用

简要说明甜玉米突变基因由来以及研究近况.甜玉米在碳水化合物中形成的隐性突变基因占有相当大的比例,其种源丰富,已育成多个品种.在育种技术方面,着重介绍新方法--转座子育种技术。     

中国农业减灾技术创新问题研究

农业减灾技术创新是实现减灾科学化、现代化的重要措施，是新世纪国家安全与社会经济稳定发展的重要保障。本文主要分析我国农业减灾技术创新的内涵和特点，并从公共物品理论出发，探讨我国农业减灾技术创新模式，在深入剖析制约我国农业减灾技术创新诸因素的基础上，提出促进农业减灾技术创新的相关政策措施。     

土壤中单嘧磺隆对谷子生长及土壤微生物若干生化功能的影响

采用混土的方法研究了除草剂单嘧磺隆对4个谷子品种生长的影响。结果表明,选取的4个品种敏感性不同,98481最不敏感,安4004最敏感。在25～50μg·kg-1处理后,植株在早期(8d)生长受到轻微影响,随后就完全恢复甚至超过对照。同时还测定了谷子生长90d以后土壤中的微生物数量、纤维素分解能力、脱氢酶、转化酶和脲酶活性,结果表明,单嘧磺隆处理后土壤中真菌和放线菌数量增加,细菌数量略有下降(最高剂量除外);土壤转化酶活性接近或超过未处理土壤;土壤脲酶活性也有变化,效应与单嘧磺隆浓度有关;单嘧磺隆促进了土壤纤维素分解能力,抑制了脱氢酶活性,其效应与浓度有关。